One alternative not mentioned: use of TOPICS (up to 23). This requires ongoing list-owner and poster vigilence. Useful for lists that don't have a high subscriber churn so that established posters can figure out the semantics. Partitioning your lists, and subscribing existing folks to them is not that big a "spam" issue in my mind. You could certainly start new lists (temporaily SEND= OWNER) and give folks a grace period to subscribe themselves (the old list could have sub-lists to the new ones). Then after the grace period, remove the old list, and update the new list definitions to SEND= PRIVATE. Postings could have a bottom_banner appended with a URL to the "rationale." Whatever you do (or don't), you know that you're not going to please everyone. Pete Weiss @ Penn State