Assuming these laws pass, which is unlikely, what would probably happen is that the lists would move to countries which do not have such laws. If I run a list in Sweden with Canadian subscribers, the Canadian government can consider me responsible for what people in Spain post to my list on the basis that it reached Canadian soil, but there isn't much they can do about it. In fact it would probably be perfectly legal for Canadians to purchase this service from me so that they can keep running their lists without having to worry about these new laws. Many Canadian service providers would open an office in the US and, having had to open this office, find it profitable to locate their income there so they can pay less taxes. Five or six years later the Canadian government would realize that the net result is less tax money and remove the law. There would only be a serious problem for Canadian users if both Canada and the US passed the same law, since it is far less convenient for Canadian businesses to relocate to other countries. But if past experience is any indication, the very fact that it passed in Canada would make it very unlikely that it would pass in the US ;-) Eric