Bill, The burden on the listowner is the managing of the NOMAIL subscribers. Many list owners will not even know to check. Those that learn about nomail will mostly not manage them... so they can build up over time. It is not a critical issue; but I think for a well-run list, it is a good thing to manage. And, the heartbeat is an email message; so that, if an address is bad, the heartbeat will bounce and the listserv error algorithms can detect that and auto-delete the subscription if they are using the auto-delete feature. Since the heartbeat would go out less often than regular mail, perhaps once a week or once a month, the auto-deletion algorithm might have to be modified in this case. Kevin (SIGNATURE) Kevin J. Sinclair, [log in to unmask], USA Pacific Time Zone * URL: Kidopedia (K-12 WWW project) - http://rdz.stjohns.edu/kidopedia/ * OWNER: These five Internet mailing lists; email for info to the address: * 1. [log in to unmask] - WWW Encyclopedia made by children * 2. [log in to unmask] - Searching for Medical Information * 3. [log in to unmask] - Cancer, Prostatitis, BPH diseases * 4. [log in to unmask] - Leukemia, Lymphoma, and M.Myeloma * 5. [log in to unmask] - Ovarian Problem's Discussion List "The day is short, and there is much work to be done"