On 22 Jan 01, at 9:48, Kevin Parris wrote: > But I don't want to set the list "closed" since there may > be some turnover and I'm hoping to move them toward end-user subscribe > activity for that in the future. But I'm currently avoiding "open, > confirm" as a spammer defense tactic. Do you expect all the subscribed email addresses to be from within your organization? If that is the case, then you can use open,confirm and use Service=Local and Local=yourdomain to prevent subscriptions from outside your domain. You can also use Notify=Yes so that you are notified when someone subscribes; if this is a rare occurrence, it shouldn't be too difficult to check on the address and delete it if it's a potential spammer. There is also Default-Options=REVIEW to prevent new arrivals from posting till they've been approved. Francoise