Another reason not to manually add users (except, as others have said, to a Subscription=By-Owner list) is that you don't know for sure if LISTSERV has a clear mailing path back to the subscriber. If the subscriber sends a SUB request and the "Your subscription to list xxx has been approved" message loses, you know there isn't a good mailing path for some reason (i.e., a broken gateway). I use Subscription=Open,Confirm on my public lists. It saves me trouble. Nathan [log in to unmask]