If spamming is to be considered legal, tolerated, and tort-proof (and I've read plausible arguments on both sides here), then shouldn't it be also legal, tolerated and tort-proof to encourage unwilling recipients of spams to return copies of their spam-o-grams to the senders cc:'d to the postmasters of the spammer's provider? What's wrong with that? * the postmaster cannot filter out responses from the wide spammed group * spammees can filter out known spammers * private providers can be educated that spamming *will* cost them if their postmasters are inundated with a copy of each unwanted spamogram If this kind of retaliatory behavior is then considered harassment, then spamming itself should be considered harassment. If not, then eventually hardcore spammers will have to register their own domains in order to access the net, having become pariahs among commercial netservice providers who wish their postmasters to deal with real issues, not CanterSiegelisms... -Dave Phillips biosph-l, nasirn-l, plearn-l t