There are almost an infinite variety of bounces, and list-owners's responses there to. The question is why does e-mail bounce? There are lots of reasons -- some temporary, some permanent, some intermittent. Lots of discussion in lstown-l and lstsrv-l archives already on this topic. Only after time and experience will you be able to recognize what YOU should do when. In fact, what you do might change over time, even with plenty of experience. Thus, it depends. As far as the "problem" subscription, have the user cc: you in any e-mail to the LISTSERV. Then work with your LISTSERV maintainer as well as your host site sysadmin (if different) in checking the SMTP logs (inbound and outbound) as well as any MAILER involvement (if applicable). Remember, e-mail is NOT symmetrical i.e., just because you can e-mail me, does not mean that I can e-mail you. -- co-owner INFOSYS, TQM-L, CPARK-L, ERAPPA-L, JANITORS, LDBASE-L, et -L URL:mailto:[log in to unmask] "I've fallen and can't reach my keyboard" 31 Shields Bldg. -- Penn State -- University Park, PA 16802-1202 USA