I am not convinced that spammers are always acting 'on behalf' of XYZ company when they are promoting a product or get-rich scheme. Most seem to me to be more like kids playing with (fire?) and really have no idea what they are doing besides acting boorish. I'm sure that XYZ company probably isn't aware of what they are doing or if they even exist, certainly XYZ has no expectation of exercising control over the spammer(s). As for the malicious prankster types, (including enterprising students) who spoof addresses etc, nothing you suggest is likely to faze them a bit. It may even make the idea more attractive... ________________________________________________________________________ Ben Parker ............ (Oak Park IL) .......... [log in to unmask]