I believe Canada is a signatory to the Berne Convention on copyright so the instructor being in Canada is moot. The author retains full rights unless specifically abrogated. I assume these "packets" will be made up by a copying firm. They will make a profit on the copyrighted work of others and the authors will get nothing. I imagine that the authors of the items which she wants to use could bring a suit for infringement of copyright. Whether they would win or not is open, but they would have every right to do so. What she should do is contact each of the authors of the items she wants to use and get written (as on paper, with a signature) permission to use the material. She should then be in the clear (and the copy service also). If she hasn't checked with the copy service yet she might find that, if they are reputable, they will refuse to make the copies without a formal release. A number of copy services have gotten burned for precisely that sort of thing. Douglas Douglas Winship Hays County, Texas [log in to unmask] Secondary AUTOCAT Listowner MEDLAB-L