It is my understanding that for most standard list configurations, LISTSERV will NOT generate duplicates by rejecting attempts at posting a dup. Nevertheless those mechanisms can be faked out, either accidentally or perhaps maliciously. With that said, it is certainly possible that an SMTP client could generate a duplicate post for any one of a number of reasons. That, in and of itself, is not a LISTSERV problem, and usually occurs in the final stages of delivery. -- co-owner: INFOSYS, TQM-L, CPARK-L, ERAPPA-L, JANITORS, LDBASE-L, et -L URL:mailto:[log in to unmask] "I get paid by the millisecond"