More properly speaking, LISTSERV is a daemon, not a robot. A daemon sits and waits for something to happen, a robot goes out and actively stirs around (therefore web crawlers are considered robots). I don't think I would ever call LISTSERV a robot. I'm stretching the classical definition of 'daemon' here but it really fits better as the general class of programs to which LISTSERV belongs. Quite frankly the description "mailing list manager" is probably still the best, although the acronym MLM unfortunately also refers to a questionable type of get-rich-quick scheme :( Nathan