Any list that is SEND= PUBLIC, is subject to the random act of spam. Any list that is SEND= PRIVATE but SUBSCRIPTION= OPEN, is subject to a spoofing spammer. The lists that I operate tend to have: * Subscription= OPEN,CONFIRM * Send= PRIVATE or sometimes EDITOR, where EDITOR= me,(listname) On one list with higher anti-spam requirements, we also have * DEFAULT-OPTIONS= REVIEW with my issuing QUIET SET listname NOREVIEW FOR new_subscriber as required. Your Mileage May Vary. Many other techiques are discussed on the anti-SPAM list SPAM-L. Archives and FAQ available. Sub Instruct.: http://oasis.ot.com/~dmuth/spam-l/#spam-l-subscribe /Pete